Learn earthquakes earths interior chapter 8 guide with free interactive flashcards. Earthquakes and the earths interior tulane university. Energy released at an earthquakes focus radiates outward as body waves, which are of two kinds. The movement of earths crust resulting from the release of built up potential energy between two stuck tectonic plates. This product uncovers prior knowledge students have on earthquakes by providing 10 true or false statements. Earthquakes from the link above, color in each state with the appropriate color from your key in order to represent how many earthquakes of magnitude 3. This waveform energy can be measured around the globe.
The usgs and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and. The geological society earthquakes 101 slideshow pdf pdf format of a complete powerpoint show for the basics usgs earthquakes by bruce a. The earths interior earth and planetary science university of. Various output formats, and links to earthquake details. Earthquake earthquake methods of reducing earthquake hazards. This includes bodies of water such as lakes or oceans, houses, piles of rock, and mud. The dispersion depends on the seismic velocity structure of the surface layers. Pdf the earth and its interior long time ago, a large collection of material masses coalesced and formed the earth. Seismic waves and earth s interior earthquakes and plate. Students will need to form a claim and support it with reasons.
The free oscillations of the earth resonate only at certain discrete frequencies the. Learn more about the causes and effects of earthquakes. P waves primary compressional s waves secondary transverse bill nye. Understanding the basic structure of earth is very important to learn higher concepts well. I copied the maps onto transparencies and created a lab where students ultimately overlaid the transparencies to compare and contrast the locations of earthquakes, volcanoes, and plate boundaries. The earth, the crust, the mantle, the core, continental crust, oceanic crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, inner core, outer core, lithosphere 865 km thick 2900 km thick 3480 km thick 5500. Realtime notifications, feeds, and web services get realtime earthquake notifications sent to you on your. The location below the earth s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the. Volcanic activity measuring and recording seismic waves. This gives most important evidences of interior of earth. The field also includes studies of earthquake environmental effects such as tsunamis as well as diverse.
When seismic waves pass between geologic layers with contrasting seismic. Field investigations determined that during this single earthquake, the pacific plate. Seismographs are instruments that record earthquake waves. Molten areas within the earth slow down p waves and stop s waves because their shearing. But its properties are studied indirectly by deducing conclusions from the study of earthquake waves that propagate through the interior rocks and other such indirect means. It is caused due to release of energy, which generates waves that travel in all directions. Using seismic waves to image earths internal structure nature. Its like when youre teacher loses their marbles because youve asked them the same question 7 times in a row. Earthquakes and the earth s interior earthquakes earthquakes occur when energy stored in elastically strained rocks is suddenly released. It is given fact that the radius of earth is 6,370 km. Swaves secondary waves arrive after pwaves because. Earthquakes teacher notes and student activities ga record. Seismogram are the recording made by seismograph and they are used to determine the time and location of earthquakes.
Start studying chapter 8 earthquakes and earth s interior. It is a large fault zone that separates two great sections of earths crust. British geological survey earthquakes 101 slideshow pdf pdf format of a complete powerpoint show for the basics usgs. Locations of earthquake epicenters on earth map here are a few nice usgs maps that might be useful. Oct 08, 20 students learn the basics of earth s interior. There are around 100 earthquakes each year of a size that could cause serious damage. An earthquake causes the ground and everything on it to shake. Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the earth s layers and are a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, large landslides and large humanmade explosions. The deadly izmit earthquake struck northwest turkey on august 17, 1999, at 3 a.
Next question quiz yourself on earthquakes see all quizzes go to topic question 5 which earthquake is the most powerful ever to be recorded in north america. Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The epicenter is the point on earth s surface directly above the focus. Earthquake warmup printable activity by the teacher time. Earthquakes teacher notes and student activities ga. Earthquakes are definitely a geologic hazard for those living in earthquake prone areas, but the seismic waves generated by earthquakes are. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, and wreak destruction across entire cities. Considerable work has been done in seismology to explain the characteristics of the recorded ground motions in earthquakes. Recent images of massive earthquakeinduced waves washing away entire towns or buildings reduced to rubble by the violent shaking of earths crustal plates have underlined, all too painfully, the importance of understanding our dynamic and everchanging earth. General earthquake damage inspection checklist where description is indicated, attach additional pages of notes and photographs keyed to appropriate checklist item. Realtime notifications, feeds, and web services get realtime earthquake notifications sent to you on your phone or by email, or subscribe to realtime feeds. Robertson abstract evidence on the structure and composition of the earth s interior comes from 1 observations of surface rocks, 2 geophysical data from earthquakes, flow of heat from the interior, the magnetic field, and gravity, 3 laboratory ex. An earthquake in simple words is shaking of the earth. Although earthquakes cause death and destruction through such.
The usgs earthquake hazards program is part of the national earthquake hazards reduction program nehrp, established by congress in 1977, and the usgs advanced national seismic system anss was established by congress as a nehrp facility. Describe the characteristics of seismic waves and explain the difference between primary waves, secondary waves, and surface waves. Earths interior accessscience from mcgrawhill education. Bolt online companion links related to subjects covered in book w. Exploring geology and evolution, 7e instructors manual chapter 9. These seismic waves shook the entire earth for many days. At the earth s surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and displacing or disrupting the ground. Earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through earth s rocks. Of all regions of the earth none invites speculation more than that which lies beneath our feet, and in none is speculation more dangerous. Dec 01, 2019 importance of understanding the interior of the earth understanding the structure of the earths interior crust, mantle, core and various forces heat, seismic waves emanating from it is essential to understand the evolution of the earths surface, its current shape and its future. Structure of the earth plate tectonics unit structure of the earth plate tectonics ppt. Earthquakes and the earths interior a violent pulse. Define and describe the composition of earths crust, mantle and core. Earthquakes are the sudden shaking and vibrating of the earth s crust as a result of a rapid release of energy when rocks break and move along faults.
We shall look into the details of earthquake laters on. The internal structure of earth is layered in spherical shells. The science behind earthquakes what is an earthquake. Search earthquake catalog view historic seismicity, find past earthquakes that meet your criteria. The initial rupture point, where abrupt movement creates an earthquake, typically lies below the surface at a point called the focus the initial rupture point of an earthquake. Explain how the materials in earths interior affect seismic waves. The refraction or reflection of seismic waves is used for research into the structure of the earth s interior. Over 14,000 residents of the region were killed as poorly constructed. An earthquake causes seismic, or shock, waves to travel through earth s interior. If you live in an area prone to earthquakes, its important that the structural frame of your home is strong enough to absorb an earthquake s energy see continuous.
When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. There is no place on earth which is free from earthquakes. The geological society earthquakes information on the basics of earthquakes. This phenomenon is called the free oscillation of the earth. Broken windows collapse of buildings fires, as seen in the 1906 san francisco earthquake tsunamis, as seen in the 2004 sumatran earthquake landslides destabilization of the base of some buildings which may. Vibrations earthquakes occur as rock elastically returns to its. Earthquakes are the sudden shaking and vibrating of the earths crust as a result of a rapid release of energy when rocks break and move along faults. Robertson abstract evidence on the structure and composition of the earths interior comes from 1 observations of surface rocks, 2 geophysical data from earthquakes, flow of heat from the interior, the magnetic field, and gravity, 3 laboratory ex. Explain the difference between a seismograph and a seismogram. Earthquake the study of seismic waves provides a complete picture of the layered interior. Department of earth sciences head, centre of studies in resources engineering indian institute of technology bombay such news items raises several questions like what are earthquakes. How do earthquakes help us learn about the interior of the. The constitution of the interior of the earth, as revealed. They can be used on the earths surface or buried text pp 222228 underground.
Jan 16, 2008 seismic waves generated in earth s interior provide images that help us to better understand the pattern of mantle convection that drives plate motions. Earthquake vibrations are measured with seismometers. I natural hazards internal and external processes chen yong. The location below the earth s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Earthquakes are among the most deadly natural hazards. Earth science guided reading and study workbook 76 ipls pages chapter 8 earthquakes and earth s interior summary 8.
This type of puzzle is more challenging than a word find and will exercise students logic skills. Earthquakes 101 usgs powerpoint presentation newspapers from san francisco earthquake 1989. Constraints from longperiod surface waves and free oscillations. Such knowledge is needed to predict ground motions in future earthquakes so that earthquake resistant structures can be designed. In this article geography section, we discuss the interior of the earth. The focus is the point on the fault surface where motion begins. Energy released at an earthquake s focus radiates outward as body waves, which are of two kinds.
The vibrations travel through earth as seismic waves. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. Seismic waves generated in earths interior provide images that help us to better understand the pattern of mantle convection that drives plate.
Seismic waves, shadow zone of pwaves and swaves pmf ias. How do earthquakes help us learn about the interior of the earth. Most of our knowledge of earth s interior comes from the study of p and s earthquake waves 1. Plates, earthquakes and volcanoes maite cozar activity 5 fill the mindmap with the words below. Earthquakes and earths interior objectives explain the connection between earthquakes and plate tectonics. The changes in seismic velocity between different layers causes refraction.
Chapter 8 earthquakes and earth s interior section 1 what is an earthquake. Also, the origin of many phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami etc are linked with the structure of earths interior. Pwaves primary waves are the fastest type of seismic wave. The interior of antarctica has icequakes which, although they are much smaller, are perhaps more frequent than earthquakes in antarctica. Vibration of earth produced by the rapid release of energy 2. Faults are fractures in earth where movement has occurred. Use pushpull motion at the other end to make a wave. These natural earthquake hazards will always be with us, but the consequences are not inevitableif we pre.
An earthquake also known as a quake, tremor or temblor is the shaking of the surface of the earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the earth s lithosphere that creates seismic waves. It is the outermost solid and brittle part of the earth. A fault is a fracture or crack in the rocks where one side has moved relative to the other figure 1. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally, volcanic activity. Earthquakes and earths interior summary abrupt movements of faults that release elastically stored energy cause earthquakes elastic rebound. This release of energy causes intense ground shaking in the area near the source of the earthquake and sends waves of elastic energy, called seismic waves, throughout the earth. Earthquakes are a sign that the plates which make up the earth crust are active. Therefore, the interior of earth can not be studied only by direct observations. Importance of understanding the interior of the earth understanding the structure of the earth s interior crust, mantle, core and various forces heat, seismic waves emanating from it is essential to understand the evolution of the earth s surface, its current shape and its future. Seismographs are instruments that detect and record seismic wave. Use your map to answer the questions on the back of the worksheet. Travel times of p and s waves through earth vary depending on the properties of the materials 2. List the key observations that revealed earth to possess a.
Geology 12 earthquakes and earths interior earth science x. The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane. While a crossword puzzle gives the definitions, this resource makes your student. This is a great warmup activity prior to each lesson included in my unit bundle. Geology 12 earthquakes and earth s interior earth science x. Explain the elastic rebound theory, which provides an explanation for the origin of earthquakes. Movement of seismic waves from the point of focus up to the earths surface through different layers of rocksplates governs the magnitude and severity of the. They strike without warning and many of the earth s earthquake zones coincide with areas of high population density.
Earthquakes and the earths interior the earths crust vibrates when rocks fracture and slip along a fault. Effectsimpacts of earthquakes there are many effects of earthquakes including, but not limited to the following. About 95% of all earthquakes occur in the circumpacific belt coastal regions of chile, central america, indonesia, japan, and alaska and along the alpinehimalayan belt europeasia. As pwaves travel, the surrounding rock is repeatedly compressed and then stretched. Earthquake quiz earthquake quiz for kids dk find out. Energy moves outward as an expanding sphere of waves. The lithosphere is free to move glide over the weak asthenosphere. These natural earthquake hazards will always be with. The inner structure of the earth is described by the authors on the basis of systematic processing and evaluation of the traditional and newer theories and conceptions.
Pdf earth is a very unique planet in the solar system. Earthquakes and earth s interior videos latest earthquakes in the world past 7 days. Chapter 8earthquakes and earths interior flashcards. Also, the origin of many phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami etc are linked with the structure of earth s interior. On february 4, 1975 the chinese successfully evacuated the city of haicheng several hours before a 7. We know, with sufficient accuracy for most purposes, its size and shape. Earth structure and interior earth structure and interior. Vocabulary earthquake focus epicenter fault elastic rebound hypothesis aftershock foreshock each year, more than 30,000 earthquakes occur worldwide that are strong enough to be felt. An earthquake is the vibration of earth produced by the rapid release of. Earthquakes podcasts, presentations and fact sheets on the basics of earthquakes. Ground forces try to tear the home apart and in many cases, cause severe damage. The icequakes are similar to earthquakes, but occur within the ice sheet itself instead. Inner structure of planet earth, consisting of several concentric spherical layers.
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